A Brief History of the Majapahit Kingdom from the Great Age to Legacy


 The name Majapahit is closely related to the history of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom in Indonesia. 

The Majapahit Kingdom is even considered as one of the large kingdoms with an area of ​​power that is almost as large as the archipelago. 

The success of the Majapahit kingdom also marked the end of the Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that ruled in the archipelago. 

The Majapahit government marked its heyday under the leadership of Hayamwuruk with Gajah Mada as its commander. 

Here is a description of the history of the Majapahit kingdom. 

The Beginning of the Majapahit Kingdom 

It is mentioned that the beginning of the Majapahit kingdom was after the collapse of the Singasari kingdom due to the Jayakatwang rebellion in 1292 AD. 

Kartanegara's nephew (king of Singosari who was defeated by Jayakatwang) who was desperate, namely Raden Wijaya, then fled. 

In his escape he got help from someone named Arya Wiraja. 

Raden Wijaya then made a small village in the Trowulan forest and named the village Majapahit. 

The name is taken from the name of the maja fruit that thrives in the forest but has a bitter taste, referring to Historia. 

Over time, the village grew and Wijaya secretly strengthened himself by winning the hearts of the people who came from Tumapel and Daha. 

Raden Wijaya's revenge intentions were helped more quickly with the arrival of Khubilai Khan's army in 1293. 

After successfully defeating Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya attacked Khubilai Khan's army because he did not want to submit to the Mongol emperor's rule. 

His coronation as king on the 15th of Kartika in 1215 or November 10, 1293 was the forerunner of the birth of the Majapahit kingdom. 

As king, Raden Wijaya has the title of Kertarajasa Jayawardhana. 

The king's name was pinned by Raden Wijaya to honor his uncle, the founder of the Singasari kingdom as well as to honor his ancestors in Singasari.

The glorious period of the Majapahit Kingdom 

It took 4 changes in the leadership of the king to build the glory of the Majapahit kingdom. 

After Raden Wijaya died (1293 - 1309), the era of leadership changed to Sri Jayanagara, Tribuwana Wijayatunggadewi, and Sri Rajasanagara or better known as Hayam Wuruk. 

The Majapahit kingdom grew rapidly when it was led by Hayam Wuruk, the grandson of Raden Wijaya, with the assistance of Mahapatih Gajah Mada. 

Mahapatih Gajah Mada is known as his Palapa Oath who is determined to unite the archipelago under the banner of Majapahit rule. 

Majapahit Kingdom Center As a large kingdom at that time, Majapahit was recorded to have moved the center of government 3 times. 

The three centers of government are still in the East Java area. 

Mojokerto 

The center of government or the first capital of the Majapahit kingdom was in the city of Mojokerto. 

At that time the capital was led by the first king, convinced Kertarajasa Jayawardhana or Raden Wijaya. 

It is said that the location of the central government is located on the banks of the Brantas river. 

Trowulan 

The center of government then moved to follow the leadership of Sri Jayanegara, the second king of the Majapahit kingdom. 

Jayanegara moved the center of government to Trowulan. 

At present, the city is 12 km from Mojokerto. The center of government in Trowulan has been running for a long time. 

Daha

Daha or called Kediri is currently the third city of the center of government of the Majapahit kingdom. 

The move of the Majapahit government center to Daha was closely related to internal problems in the kingdom and the threat from the Islamic kingdom, the Demak kingdom which was the first Islamic kingdom on the island of Java.

The Fall of the Majapahit Empire 

The weakening of Majapahit power occurred when Hayam Wuruk and Mahapatih Gajah Mada died in 1364. 

The light of the greatest and most victorious Hindu-Buddhist Kingdom in the archipelago slowly dimmed despite several changes in leadership. 

Majapahit's heyday ended when its territory was taken by another kingdom. 

Especially after being attacked by the first Islamic kingdom in Java, the Demak Sultanate. 

Kings in the Majapahit Kingdom 

Here are 13 names of kings who once led the Majapahit Kingdom and their reign: 

  • Raden Wijaya / Kertarajasa Jayawardhana (1293 - 1309) 
  • Kalagamet / Sri Jayanagara (1309 - 1328) 
  • Sri Gitarja / Tribuwana Wijayatunggadewi (1328 - 1350) 
  • Hayam Wuruk / Sri Rajasanagara (1350 - 1389) 
  • Wikramawardhana (1389 - 1429) 
  • Suhita / Dyah Ayu Kencana Wungu (1429 - 1447) 
  • Kertawijaya / Brawijaya I (1447-1451) 
  • Rajawardhana / Brawijaya II (1451 - 1453) 
  • Purwawisesa / Brawijaya III (1456 - 1466) 
  • Bhre Pandansalas / Brawijaya IV (1466 - 1468) 
  • Bhre Kertabumi / Brawijaya V (1468 - 1478) 
  • Girindrawardhana / Brawijaya VI (1478 - 1498) 
  • Patih Air (1498 - 1518) 

Majapahit Relics 

Although it had collapsed several centuries ago, until now modern society can still see the remains of the Majapahit kingdom. 

Silent witnesses to the glory of Majapahit appear in various forms such as sites, temples, books, and architecture. 

Trowulan site: As one of the centers of government, the Majapahit kingdom left many legacies such as the inscriptions of Wurare, Kudadu, Sukamerta, Balawi, Prapancasapura, Parung, Canggu, Biluluk, Karang Bogem, Katiden. 

Temple: Sukuh, Cetho, Pari, Jabung, Bajang queen, Rat. 

Book: Negarakertagama, Sutasoma, Pararaton, Kunjarakarna, Arjuna Wiwaha, Ranggalawe.

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